Extraesophageal manifestations of reflux disease and dysphagia

Abstract

Extraesophageal manifestations of reflux disease refer to a variety of symptoms that lead patients to present to gastroenterology, ear nose and throat, and allergy clinics. Patients may present with laryngitis, asthma, cough, globus, dysphagia, or other symptoms that may be attributed to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The diagnosis and management of these conditions can be challenging. We review the prevalence and mechanism of these various disorders, and highlight the current diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas surrounding these conditions. Gastroenterology and otolaryngology specialty societies have released various guidelines in recent years addressing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to some of these prevalent and often difficult to treat conditions.