Congenital Craniofacial Deformities: Ophthalmologic Considerations

Abstract

Congenital craniofacial disorders frequently affect the eye and ocular adnexa, presenting diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to the ophthalmologist. Appropriate management of these patients requires recognition of the major craniofacial syndromes and their ophthalmic features. An understanding of the embryogenic basis of these deformities is also essential. We discuss the major congenital craniofacial disorders, with particular emphasis on aspects of ophthalmic and oculoplastic significance. These disorders are conveniently separated into two broad clinical categories: the craniosynostoses and clefting disorders. Both the craniosynostoses and clefting disorders may occur in isolation or as part of a well-recognized syndrome. The major clinical characteristics of each type of disorder are reviewed, emphasizing their more common ophthalmic features as well as proper timing of surgical intervention.