Tracheoesophageal Fistula

Abstract

Tracheoesophageal fistula (TE fistula or TEF) is an abnormal communication between the trachea and esophagus. While tracheoesophageal fistula can be secondary to malignancy, trauma, infection, or surgery, the vast majority are congenital in nature. It is the most common congenital abnormality of the trachea and found in 1 in 3000 live births (Shaw-Smith. J Med Genet 43(7):545-554, 2006). This chapter reviews the variants of tracheoesophageal fistula, the clinical presentation of these variants, management and treatment strategies, as well as operative planning for repair.