Review of the Approaches and Modeling Methodology for Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management Systems in Electric Vehicles

Abstract

The global level market penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) is rising every year. Faster adoption of electric vehicles has hindrances such as performance deficiencies, low range, and frequent need of charge. A common denominator of most of the roadblocks is the climatic sensitivity of the batteries leading to performance, life, and safety concerns. There lies a temperature range for the optimal performance, life and safety during the operation. Thus, maintaining the temperature in this range is the primary purpose of the battery thermal management system. There are mainly two categories in battery thermal management systems, namely active and passive systems. These systems manage the battery temperature in a vast range of climatic and usage conditions. They are continuously being researched and modified. Experimental techniques to determine the optimal performance of such systems are cost and time inefficient. Instead, modeling the battery along with the thermal management system provides a promising alternative. In recent years, hybrid systems are being proposed for effective thermal management.