Situation Analysis of Ear and Hearing Care Program in Islamic Republic of Iran: System's Challenges and Proper Interventions

Abstract

Background: More than 6.8% of the world's population suffer from disabling hearing impairment. Hearing impairment can cause lifelong or even life-threatening problems and has a significant impact on the health and quality of life. This study aimed to analyze the current situation of the ear and hearing care (EHC) in the frame of Iran health system. Methods: This situation analysis was performed over a 5-year period (2013-2017) using the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats analysis method. First, after formation of the steering committee, all relevant published and unpublished articles and reports were reviewed and analyzed. In the next step, focused group discussion sessions (FGDs) were held with the participation of the experts, stakeholders, and Steering Committee members. Through the scissor-and-sort technique, the relevant data were highlighted and main categories evolved. Results: The main challenges included inadequate health literacy, weak intrasectoral and intersectoral cooperation, the inadequacy of policy responses, nonintegration of the EHC in the primary health care system, poor standard processes, and resources of EHC, and lack of EHC surveillance system. The 6 major interventions and strategies extracted as identifying the capacities of both the public and private sectors, reinforcement of intersectoral cooperation and intersectoral collaboration, standardizing the processes and integrating of EHC services in the PHC, reorganizing the referral system, promoting hearing health literacy, and minimizing hearing loss risk factors. Conclusion: Implementing the proposed interventions and strategies is essential to improve the situation of Iran EHC management system during the next 5 years.