Classical Pharmacodynamics

Abstract

Receptors are the most important targets for therapeutic drugs [570]. Therefore, it is important to explore the mechanisms of receptor modulation and drug action in intact in vivo systems. Also, the need for a more mechanism-based approach in pharmacokinetic-dynamic modeling has been increasingly recognized [571, 572]. Hill [573] made the first explicit mathematical model of simulated drug action to account for the time courses and concentration–effect curves obtained when nicotine was used to provoke contraction of the frog rectus abdominis muscle.