Innovative use of simulated patients for educational purposes

Abstract

Purpose: Although it has been recognized as an important research area, there is paucity of literature on the value of real patient contacts as opposed to simulated patient (SP) contacts from the perspectives of students. Students’ views with regard to the strengths and weaknesses of real patient contacts as opposed to SP contacts in the undergraduate medical curriculum were explored. The aim was to evaluate how their strengths can be optimally used and weaknesses remedied. Method: Five focus group interviews were conducted among 38 fourth and fifth year medical students at Maastricht University in 2007, using a pre-established interview guide. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using qualitative methods. Results: In general, students considered real patient contacts more instructive and more authentic than SP contacts. However, students identified several strengths of SP contacts compared to real patient contacts. For example, SP contacts were helpful in preparing students for real patient contacts (particularly with regard to communication skills and self-confidence), in the teaching of “intimate” physical examination skills, such as gynecological examination skills, and in giving constructive feedback on communication skills. In contrast to what we had anticipated, taking a time-out was considered easier in real patient contacts. Conclusions: Both real patient contacts and SP contacts are considered indis- pensable to undergraduate medical education. Each contact has unique strengths and weaknesses from the perspectives of students. On the basis of strengths and weaknesses that were identified, suggestions were made for the use of real patients and SPs in undergraduate medical education