Cytotoxic Effects of Granulated Hydroxyapatite with Various Particle Size Distribution

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite-based materials show promise in such applications as reconstructive surgery, stomatology and cosmetology, they can also be used as components of toothpaste, disinfectant products and dietary supplements (DS). However, cytotoxicity of hydroxyapatite powders synthesized via various methods towards a variety of biological cells requires a thorough study. Cytotoxicity of hydroxyapatite powder samples with spherical particles in three size ranges: 5-25 μm, 25-45 μm and 40-125 μm, synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis with further ultrasonic and spray-drying treatment, was studied on human blood cells and on gram-negative bacteria E.coli. The examined hydroxyapatite samples have no toxic effect on human blood leukocytes (in concentration 40 mg per 1 ml H2O or normal saline) and on gram-negative bacteria E.coli. (in concentration 40 mg per 1 ml H2O or normal saline) regardless of the contact time and particle size. The obtained data demonstrate safety of the examined materials and absence of toxic effects towards the test objects. This allows us to regard the studied hydroxyapatite samples as biocompatible. The present study results could be used to develop products and medicinal drugs based on hydroxyapatite granules synthesized by means of hydrothermal synthesis technique with further sonication and spray drying.