Extracellular matrix molecules in neuromuscular junctions and central nervous system synapses

Abstract

The formation and function of chemical synapses require the precise apposition of pre- and postsynaptic specializations. This alignment process requires trans-synaptic signaling, often mediated by transmembrane or matrix-bound molecules. In addition to the pre- and postsynaptic cells, the surrounding glial cells also contribute factors that are important in synapse formation and maintenance. This chapter will focus on the extracellular matrix molecules of the synapse, including those derived from the presynaptic terminal, the postsynaptic cell, and glial cells. We will also compare the composition and function of the matrix present in the cleft of the neuromuscular junction to that of central nervous system synapses and discuss the structural and signaling properties of these components.