Silver decorated mesoporous carbons for the treatment of acute and chronic wounds, in a tissue regeneration context

Abstract

Introduction: Silver decorated mesoporous carbons are interesting systems that may offer effective solutions for advanced wound care products by combining the well-known antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles with the versatile properties of ordered mesoporous carbons. Silver is being used as a topical antimicrobial agent, especially in wound repair. However, while silver shows bactericidal properties, it is also cytotoxic at high concentrations. Therefore, the incorporation of silver into ordered mesoporous carbons allows to exploit both silver’s biological effects and mesoporous carbons’ biocompatibility and versatility with the purpose of conceiving silver-doped materials in light of the growing health concern in wound care. Methods: The wound healing potential of an ordered mesoporous carbon also doped with two different loadings of silver nanoparticles (2 wt% and 10 wt%), was investigated through a biological assessment study based on different assays (cell viability, inflammation, antibacterial tests, macrophage-conditioned fibroblast and human keratinocyte cell cultures). Results: The results show silver-doped ordered mesoporous carbons to positively condition cell viability, with a cell viability percentage >70% even for 10 wt% Ag, to modulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines and of genes involved in tissue repair (KRT6a, VEGFA, IVN) and remodeling (MMP9, TIMP3) in different cell systems. Furthermore, along with the biocompatibility and the bioactivity, the silver-doped ordered mesoporous carbons still retain an antibacterial effect, as shown by a maximum of 13.1% of inhibited area in the Halo test. The obtained results clearly showed that the silver-doped ordered mesoporous carbons exhibit both good biocompatibility and antibacterial effect with enhanced re-epithelialization, angiogenesis promotion and tissue regeneration. Discussion: These findings suggest that the exceptional properties of silver-doped ordered mesoporous carbons could be exploited in the treatment of acute and chronic wounds and that such carbon materials could be potential candidates for use in medical devices for wound healing purposes, in particular, the 10 wt% loading, as the results showed to be the most effective.