LESS: Pelvic reconstructive urological surgery

Abstract

Over the last two decades, laparoscopic urologic surgery has become an established approach for the treatment of various urological diseases. Since the very beginning, pioneers in laparoscopic urology were at a disadvantage not just from the viewpoint of defining and learning a new procedure, but also from the lack of appropriate instruments. In the early days, laparoscopic urological procedures were primarily extirpative. With increasing experience and the development of new tools, laparoscopic surgery became more widespread. Nowadays, even complex reconstructive urological procedures can be performed laparoscopically that compare favorably to conventional open surgery.