Biological effects of estrogen on skin

Abstract

Changes in skin aging and function occur at variable rates, and are influenced by environmental, hormonal, and genetic factors unique to each individual. Skin aging involves progressive degenerative changes, such as gradual dryness, thinning, fragility, atrophy, and wrinkling. Over time, the skin experiences a progressive increase in extensibility and a reduction in elasticity, thereby becoming more frail and susceptible to trauma. This in turn leads to an increased risk of skin injury (e.g., lacerations, tears, ulcerations, bruising), and an impairment of wound healing. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010.