Identification of mcr-1 Genes and Characterization of Resistance Mechanisms to Colistin in Escherichia coli Isolates from Colombian Hospitals

Abstract

We report the presence of the mcr-1 gene among 880 Escherichia coli clinical isolates collected in 13 hospitals from 12 Colombian cities between 2016 and 2019. Seven (0.8%) isolates were colistin resistant (MIC ≥ 4 µg/mL). These colistin-resistant isolates were screened for the presence of the mcr-1 gene; five carried the gene. These five isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS) to identify additional resistomes and their ST. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that all E. coli isolates carrying mcr-1 were susceptible to third generation-cephalosporin and carbapenems, except one, which carried an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (CTX-M-55), along with the fosfomycin resistance encoding gene, fosA. WGS indicated that these isolates belonged to four distinct sequence types (ST58, ST46, ST393, and a newly described ST14315) and to phylogroups B1, A, and D. In this geographic region, the spread of mcr-1 in E. coli is low and has not been inserted into high-risk clones such as ST131, which has been present in the country longer.