Efficient Utilization of Ortho-Para Catalyst

Abstract

Several methods are available to increase the efficiency and lower the cost of hydrogen liquefaction. Recent investigations aimed at more efficient hydrogen liquefaction have concentrated on the application of expansion engines, particularly turbo expanders, more efficient purification, and development of and effective use of ortho-para catalysts to improve liquefaction cycle efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to show the relative effects of these liquefaction parameters, with special emphasis on the effect of ortho-para converter applications. This will be done by discussing the results of theoretical calculations for two simple cycles which indicate the effects of cycle modifications, expansion engine efficiency, and ortho-para catalyst location. For this study, purification was not treated as a cycle parameter.