Progression of carotid atherosclerosis in two Japanese populations with different lifestyles

Abstract

Aim: We have conducted medical surveys on two Japanese populations (Japanese Americans living in the US and native Japanese living in Japan) to investigate the impact of westernization of lifestyles on diseases in Japanese people. A 1998 survey revealed that the progression of carotid intima-media wall thickness (IMT) was faster by approximately 20 years in Japanese Americans than in native Japanese. In this study, we compared the progression of atherosclerosis in native Japanese versus that in Japanese Americans using carotid IMT data from medical examinations conducted in the 2010s. Methods: This study included 115 native Japanese living in Hiroshima who underwent a medical examination in 2014 and 112 Japanese Americans living in Hawaii who underwent a medical examination in 2012, excluding those receiving medication for diabetes mellitus (DM) or dyslipidemia. Carotid IMT was compared between the two Japanese populations. Results: Serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher in native Japanese than in Japanese Americans. The median carotid IMT was significantly greater in Japanese Americans than in native Japanese [median (25th-75th percentile): 1.27 (0.86-2.02) mm vs. 1.00 (0.80-1.30) mm, P=0.001]. Regression curves showed that the age at which IMT exceeded 1.1 mm was estimated at >50 years in Japanese Americans and at approximately 60 years in native Japanese. Conclusions: According to surveys conducted in 2012 and 2014, carotid IMT was still greater in Japanese Americans than in native Japanese. However, a comparison with data from the 1998 survey showed that current native Japanese had higher serum lipid levels and more advanced atherosclerosis.