Complexity, Vulnerability Processes and Environmental Justice: An Essay in Political Epistemology*

Abstract

This paper, in the form of an essay, discusses the potentialities and limits of the concept of vulnerability concerning the integrated analysis of social and environmental problems. It focuses on two perspectives. The first one derives from post-normal science, considered as a new epistemological and methodological basis for the analysis and management of complex environmental problems. For this purpose, the author analyses the concept of vulnerability within the context of four phenomenal worlds, each with increasing levels of complexity: the world of the physicalist sciences, the world of biological life, the world of life from the perspective of biomedicine and public health, and finally, the emergent and reflexive human world. The second perspective includes contributions by authors involved in both theoretical discussion and activism related to environmental justice movements, especially within the Brazilian Network for Environmental Justice.