Relations among notions of non-malleability for encryption

Abstract

Since its introduction in the early 90's, the notion of nonmalleability for encryption schemes has been formalized using a number of conceptually different definitional approaches-most notably, the "pragmatic" indistinguishability-based approach and the "semantical" simulation-based approach. We provide a full characterization of these approaches and consider their robustness under composition. © International Association for Cryptology Research 2007.