Influência da atividade física programada na pressão arterial de idosos hipertensos sob tratamento não-farmacológico

Abstract

OBJECTIVE. Assess the influence of physical activity on the blood pressure of hypertensive elderly patients on non-pharmacological treatment (NPT). METHODS. The authors studied men and women, over 60 years, with stage I hypertension who were not using antihypertensive medication. These patients had been randomly allocated to one of two groups: Control Group (CG) - oriented to NPT; and Study Group (SG) - NPT and a program that included supervised physical activity consisting of 1-hour sessions, 3 times a week. Duration of the study was 6 months. Screening and follow-up tests every 3 months, at Visits 1, 2 and 3 included a clinical evaluation, ECG, a treadmill stress test, Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement (ABPM) and an Echocardiogram. The authors used the Friedman test for the evolutionary analysis of the intra-groups means and Student's t test to compare independent data between groups. RESULTS. Twenty-four patients were randomized in the SG (5 men) and 21 in the CG (4 men). The 6-month follow-up period was completed by 22 patients in the SG and 13 in the CG. Blood pressures found by the ABPM in V1, V2 and V3 were 134.2 ± 14.5, 136.1 ± 9 and 143.7 ± 13.9 mmHg for Systolic Blood Pressure in the CG; and 135.6 ± 11.4, 138.7 ± 12.2 and 133.9 ± 8.5 mmHg in the SG. For Diastolic Blood Pressure, values in the CG were 78.7 ± 5.8, 82.3 ± 6.2 and 83.3 ± 9.2 mmHg; and in the SG, 80.1 ± 6.8, 81± 6.6 and 80.8 ± 7.3 mmHg. CONCLUSION. Programmed and supervised physical activity was more efficient for maintaining adequate blood pressure control in these elderly with stage I hypertension in the study group, when compared to the control group.