A Case Report on Brachial Plexus Anomaly, Embryological Basis, and Clinical Implications

Abstract

This study presents the routine prosection findings of a 74-year-old male anatomical donor, whose cause of death was attributed to anoxic brain injury secondary to cardiac arrest and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The patient exhibited a significant medical history, including severe COPD, chronic heart failure, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, stage III chronic kidney disease, heavy alcohol abuse, obesity, coronary artery disease, peripheral edema, triple bypass surgery, and right hip replacement. A detailed examination of the upper extremities revealed anomalies within the brachial plexus, with a more pronounced presence on the left side. This particular donor deviates from the expected "typical" brachial plexus anatomy, with a lack of convergence into a lateral cord and an anomalous convergence into a superior trunk. To ensure optimal patient care and procedural outcomes, a collaborative approach between surgeons and anesthesiologists that is grounded in a comprehensive understanding of these anatomical nuances is essential. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively investigate the identified brachial plexus anomalies, elucidate their embryological origins, and explore their clinical implications. Through these objectives, this research contributes to a broader understanding of anatomical variations and their relevance in medical practice.