Microorganisms: Role for crop production and its interface with soil agroecosystem

Abstract

Throughout the world agriculture has need to twofold increase in food production by 2050 in order to meet the burgeoning population with decrease its necessity on factory made fertilizers and plant protection chemicals. This may be attained through exploring multiple options of utilizing beneficial microorganisms and its suitable interaction in agroecosystem of the concerned surroundings. Our agricultural system is a multifaceted system of exchanges between plants and microorganisms. Increasing demand for economically well-matched, surroundings sociable technique in farming that might be able to provide sufficient nutrients for the growing human inhabitants through upgrading of the worth and scale of farming yield with the help of eco-friendly microbes present in nature. In this aspect, microorganisms play a key role. Beneficial effects of microorganisms on herbal progress mainly include uptake of major soil nutrients mainly NPK, etc., advanced growth of young branches and roots, improvement of soil productivity, and lastly proper nitrogen fixations and acquisition of soil nitrogen. Some of the frequently used beneficial microbes in agriculture globally include Bacillus, Azospirillum, Trichoderma, Rhizobia, Mycorrhizae, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, and many other species. Exploring modern techniques with molecular biology helps to exploit valuable microbes and its products that leads to enhancing farm productivity and improvement of soil quality on sustainable basis.