Pediatric hydrocephalus

Abstract

Hydrocephalus can occur in infancy and it often coexists with many congenital and acquired brain disorders. The diagnosis and management of hydrocephalus present common problems in pediatric patients. Diagnosis of pediatric hydrocephalus often require high index of suspension and early detection with institution of treatment can prove to be pivotal in order to prevent long-term complication. Surgery still remains as mainstream treatment for pediatric hydrocephalus. Various surgical approaches have been advocated, and VP shunt is by far the most commonly practiced procedure worldwide. Patients with implanted VP shunts may present with complex and challenging problems that include infection and obstruction of the shunt. Therefore insertion of a VP shunt represents a lifetime commitment for the child and family and the decision to treat can be difficult and it should not be taken lightly. Mortality has significantly reduced with modern surgical technique, yet there is still much long-term morbidity associated with the disorder. Multidisciplinary planning and close follow-up is needed to ensure the maximal developmental potential of these children. In this chapter we will discuss the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of pediatric hydrocephalus. © 2013 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.