Background: Evolution of indolent to aggressive lymphoma has been described in dogs but is difficult to distinguish from the de novo development of a second, clonally distinct lymphoma. Differentiation of these scenarios can be aided by next generation sequencing (NGS)-based assessment of clonality of lymphocyte antigen receptor genes. Case presentation: An 8-year-old male intact Mastiff presented with generalized lymphadenomegaly was diagnosed with nodal T zone lymphoma (TZL) based on cytology, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Thirteen months later, the dog re-presented with progressive lymphadenomegaly, and based on cytology and flow cytometry, a large B cell lymphoma (LBCL) was diagnosed. Sequencing-based clonality testing confirmed the de novo development of a LBCL and the persistence of a TZL. Conclusions: The occurrence of two distinct lymphoid neoplasms should be considered if patient features and tumor cytomorphology or immunophenotype differ among sequential samples. Sequencing-based clonality testing may provide conclusive evidence of two concurrent and distinct clonal lymphocyte populations, termed most appropriately "composite lymphoma".
CITATION STYLE
Matsuyama, A., Bienzle, D., Richardson, D., Deravi, N., Hwang, M. H., Darzentas, N., & Keller, S. M. (2019). Composite lymphoma of concurrent T zone lymphoma and large cell B cell lymphoma in a dog. BMC Veterinary Research, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-2154-8
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