Conclusion: Exploring the Politics of Leverage

Abstract

State and nonstate actors turning to combinations of public identification and condemnation of normative noncompliance and threats and implementation of material sanction to try to influence target behavior have become a prominent dimension of international politics. Charged with unpacking conventional approaches to naming and shaming, the preceding chapters have identified policy instruments, causal mechanisms , and contextual factors shaping the effectiveness of name, shame, and sanction. In this final chapter, I draw on these contributions to derive a framework for analysis of naming and shaming.