Impact of online classes and home confinement on myopia progression in children during COVID-19 pandemic: Digital eye strain among kids (DESK) study 4

Abstract

This study was performed to compare the rate of progression of myopia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and to assess the risk factors of hastened progression. Methods: All children with myopia of spherical equivalence ≤ -0.5 D with at least two prior documented refractions 6 months and 1 year before were included. The annual progression rate before COVID-19 and during COVID-19 was calculated. Annual myopia progression was categorized as no progression (0), slow progression (<1 D), and fast progression (≥1 D). Results: A total of 133 children (266 eyes) aged 6-18 years were included in the study. Mean annual myopia progression was found to be statistically significant during COVID-19 as compared with pre-COVID-19 (0.90 vs 0.25 D, P < 0.00001). A total of 45.9% of children showed an annual progression of ≥1 D during the pandemic as compared with 10.5% before the COVID-19 (p < 0.00001). In multivariate analysis, history of rapid progression in pre-COVID-19 era (P = 0.002) and sun exposure <1 h/day (P < 0.00001) were found to be independent risk factors for rapid myopia progression. Conclusion: Parents should consider risk of rapid myopia progression in children during current pandemic and children should be provided with socially distant outdoor activities to increase their sun exposure and diminish the rate of myopia progression.