Pedagogical performance in the preschool teaching of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder

  • Rocha E
  • Ferreira-Vasques A
  • Lamônica D
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Abstract

ABSTRACT Purpose: to describe the panorama of the pedagogical context in the preschool teaching of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), in a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: 32 teachers, including early childhood education (ECE), special education (SE), and specialized educational assistance (SEA), participated answering a questionnaire about their performance with autistic students. A descriptive qualitative analysis of the data was performed. Results: the average age of the teachers was 40.6 years old, with an undergraduate degree in Teaching, Pedagogy, Special Education, and/or Visual Arts, of which 84.4% were postgraduate. 87.4% knew ASD characteristics; 80%, SEA, 66.7%, SE, 57.1% of ECE teachers had receive the medical report. 78.1% reported difficulties in socialization, communication, behavior, learning; 15.6%, aggressive behavior / irritation; 12.5%, difficulties in attention / concentration; 6.2%, motor coordination difficulties in their autistic students. 62.5% considered that their autistic students had the potential to follow mainstream education; 68.8% received guidance from team professionals; 78.1% participated in courses/lectures on the theme; 28.1% considered they were able to teach autistic children; 78.1% stated that adjustments in the teaching structure were necessary. Conclusion: the scenario of the pedagogical context in the preschool teaching of students with ASD, in the studied municipality, needs reflections. Information on ASD characteristics, training courses, knowledge on individual follow-ups, so that teachers are prepared to promote effective teaching and learning, are needed.RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o panorama do contexto pedagógico no ensino pré-escolar de alunos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), em um município do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: participaram 32 professoras compreendendo o ensino infantil (EI), a educação especial (EE) e o atendimento educacional especializado (AEE), que responderam questionário sobre atuação com alunos autistas. Uma análise qualitativa descritiva dos dados foi realizada. Resultados: a média de idade das professoras foi 40,6 anos, com formação em Magistério, Pedagogia, Educação Especial e/ou Educação Artística, sendo 84,4% pós-graduadas. 87,4% conheciam características do TEA, tendo recebido laudo diagnóstico 80% das professoras do AEE; 66,7% da EE, 57,1% do EI. 78,1% referiram dificuldades de socialização, comunicação, comportamento, aprendizagem; 15,6% comportamento agressivo/irritação; 12,5% dificuldades de atenção/concentração; 6,2% dificuldades de coordenação motora, em seus alunos autistas. 62,5% consideram que seus alunos autistas apresentam potencial para acompanhar ensino regular; 68,8% recebiam orientações de profissionais da equipe; 78,1% participaram de cursos/palestras sobre a temática; 28,1% consideraram estarem aptas para ensinar crianças autistas; 78,1% afirmaram serem necessárias adequações na estrutura de ensino. Conclusão: o panorama do contexto pedagógico no ensino pré-escolar de alunos com TEA, no município pesquisado carece reflexões. É necessário informações sobre características do TEA, cursos de capacitação, informações sobre acompanhamentos individuais, para que os professores estejam preparados para promover o ensino-aprendizagem eficaz.

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Rocha, E. P. da, Ferreira-Vasques, A. T., & Lamônica, D. A. C. (2021). Pedagogical performance in the preschool teaching of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Revista CEFAC, 23(2). https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216/20212328920

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