Look into my eyes: a “faceless” avatar interviewer lowers reporting threshold for adult eyewitnesses

Abstract

Evidential interviewing is often used to gather important information, which can determine the outcome of a criminal case. An interviewer’s facial features, however, may impact reporting during this task. Here, we investigated adults’ interview performance using a novel tool—a faceless avatar interviewer—designed to minimize the impact of an interviewer’s visual communication signals, potentially enhancing memory performance. Adults were interviewed about the details of a video by (1) a human-appearing avatar or a human interviewer (Experiment 1; N = 105) or (2) a human-appearing avatar or a faceless avatar interviewer (Experiment 2; N = 109). Participants assigned to the avatar interviewer condition were (1) asked whether they thought the interviewer was either computer or human operated (Experiment 1) or (2) explicitly told that the interviewer was either computer or human operated (Experiment 2). Adults’ memory performance was statistically equivalent when they were interviewed by a human-appearing avatar or a human interviewer, but, relative to the human-appearing avatar, adults who were interviewed by a faceless avatar reported more correct (but also incorrect) details in response to free-recall questions. Participants who indicated that the avatar interviewer was computer operated—as opposed to human operated—provided more accurate memory reports, but specifically telling participants that the avatar was computer operated or human operated had no influence on their memory reports. The present study introduced a novel interviewing tool and highlighted the possible cognitive and social influences of an interviewer’s facial features on adults’ report of a witnessed event.