Awareness and habits of Nigerians towards toxoplasmosis and risk factors

Abstract

Introduction: toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic protozoan disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which is a main cause of death related to foodborne diseases in the United States. In Nigeria, the prevalence of toxoplasmosis is 25.5% in food animals and 32% in humans. This study was designed to provide information on the awareness of toxoplasmosis and practices that expose people to the risk of the disease in Nigeria. Methods: a cross-sectional survey was carried out using a structured questionnaire to gather quantitative data on socio-demographic factors, awareness, attitudes towards toxoplasmosis and risk factors. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the statistical difference. Results: a moderate (53%) awareness of toxoplasmosis was recorded. Respondents within the ages of 45-54 years old showed the highest (58%) level of awareness compared to the other groups. The age group 35-44 despite showing high level of awareness, are also highly exposed to the disease risk factors. There was generally a high (64%) level of exposure to toxoplasmosis risk factors. Age group 55 years and above were highest (81%) exposed. Respondents who were previously exposed to toxoplasmosis risk factors who also manifested toxoplasmosis-related syndromes following stress and immunosuppression were significantly higher. Conclusion: this study suggests an association of exposure to toxoplasmosis risk factors with miscarriages, seizures, schizophrenia and bad vision in the immune compromised and immune-depressed individuals. We recommend an investigation of toxoplasmosis in humans and animals, and a need for public health education on toxoplasmosis in Nigeria in order to prevent and control toxoplasmosis.