Congenital Heart Disease

Abstract

Congenital heart defects are the most common birth defects, with a birth prevalence of approximately 1%. Congenital heart disease (CHD) ranges from simple to moderate to great complexity, with a corresponding increase in morbidity and mortality. As a result of medical advances that have contributed to significantly improved survival rates, there are now more adults than children living with CHD in developed countries; approximately 1.5 million adults in the United States have a congenital heart condition. Survival to adulthood for individuals with CHD of moderate or great complexity is often associated with continued medical complications, potential repeat surgeries, and a shortened life expectancy. In addition, children, youths/adolescents, and adults with CHD face an increased risk of neurodevelopmental deficits and psychological and social difficulties. The transition from adolescence (and pediatric healthcare systems) to young adulthood (and adult healthcare systems) can be a particularly challenging process for many patients and their parents. Although there are currently no published psychosocial interventions for children, adolescents, or adults with CHD, congenital cardiac psychology is an emerging field, and advances in psychosocial interventions for individuals with CHD are needed.