Bioremediation of Petroleum Refinery Oily Sludge in Topical Soil

Abstract

Bradykinin and other related kinins appear to be important regulators of cardiovascular function. They are being increasingly noted as likely participants in actions of drugs that affect heart, kidney, and circulation. This phylogenetically ancient system of substrates, proteases, peptides, peptidases, and inhibitors has some responsibility in the regulation of local and perhaps systemic hemodynamics, vascular permeability, inflammatory response, activation of neuronal pathways, and movement of electrolytes, water, and metabolic substrates across epithelia and into other tissues. It has been shown that bradykinin acts through two receptors, B1 and B2 that differ in the mechanism by which they are regulated. The development and use of both B1 and B2 receptor antagonists as potential drug targets has been implicated in several pathophysiological conditions like hypertension, diabetes and other cardiovascular and renal disorders. Although bradykinin has multiple beneficial actions, some undesirable effects have been reported, such as, oedema, broncho constriction and angioedema; which can be converted by bradykinin antagonists. Finally, a number of other applications are still under clinical investigations for the applicability of bradykinin receptor antagonists in heart failure, sepsis and asthma.