Stomas (Colostomy and ileostomy)

Abstract

Small bowel and colon stomas are used to divert bowel contents for healing of a new anastomosis, in the setting of abnormal gastrointestinal function, or in patients with incontinence or a low rectal cancer. Patients should undergo preoperative counseling regarding living with an ostomy, as well as preoperative stoma site marking. Important concepts in stoma creation include avoidance of stoma creation in the setting of infection, ensuring adequate blood supply to the stoma, and preventing tension in the underlying bowel. Postoperative care consists of patient education on stoma care and avoidance of dehydration due to high ostomy output.