Education Paradigm for Happiness Ki Hajar Dewantara’s Philosophical Analysis

Abstract

This study aims to find out Ki Hajar Dewantara's philosophy in creating an educational paradigm for happiness and its relation to the independent learning curriculum currently used in education units from elementary to tertiary levels. This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive approach using research literature. Data analysis was carried out by conducting topic observations, determining research topics, collecting research literature materials, grouping data based on research focus, and data analysis using voyant tools. After the data had been analysed , then it is drawn into conclusions. The results showed that the concept of education according to Ki Hajar Dewantara concerning the independent learning curriculum refers to three basic concepts; Ki Hajar Dewantara's three educational concepts include Ing Ngarsa sing Tuladha, and Ing Madya Mangun Kerso, Tut Wuri Handayani. Merdeka curriculum (the Independent Learning Curriculum) is a curriculum based on Pancasila characteristics focusing on student-centered learning and learning innovation for teachers. This research also evaluated that Ki Hajar Dewantara's philosophy was applied in Merdeka Curriculum (the Independent Learning Curriculum) by referring education to freedom, independence, and happiness.