Organoids

Abstract

Nowadays, quite amount of attentions address to organoids which are well-accepted structures originated usually from stem cells through cascade of events that mimic both structure and function of intact organs. The great vast number of urogenital diseases necessitate considering organoids as treatment choice rather than limited routine treatments owing to more appropriate function and shape. The usage of organoid is not restricted to any specific organ of urogenital system and additionally, it can be used in a wide range of diseases. Studies with regards to organoids in urogenital diseases showed a substantial improvement in this field in both experimental and clinical scenarios. So far, lots of various biomaterials have been used to produce organoids and advantages and disadvantages of them have been assessed. Also, there are different approaches in this regard and recently, most of studies have focused on cell-based approach that uses autologous cells and synthetic materials. Herein, we discussed studies related to development and usage of organoids in urogenital diseases. It is expected that organoids have potential to overcome current treatments. Nonetheless, this goal has not been reachable yet and in most of diseases the usage of organoids is limited to animal studies, not fully translated to clinical studies and practice. New studies with larger population and different animals are essential to prove the efficiency of organoids in urology.