How to Remediate Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil?

Abstract

The issue of heavy metal soil pollution has risen to the forefront. In addition to harming the pedosphere as a whole, soil pollution also has an impact on other significant sectors, such as air and water pollution. The two primary categories of pollution sources are natural sources and man-made sources. Mainly Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, As, Zn, Cu, Ni, and other heavy metals are involved. The safety of agricultural products and the proper growth of people are of utmost importance. Thus, the origins of soil heavy metal pollution, the state of soil remediation research, and the development of soil heavy metal pollution remediation technology are all covered in this review. The technologies currently employed in soil heavy metal pollution remediation primarily include physical remediation, chemical restoration, bioremediation, agroecological restoration, and joint restoration. These methods are described, along with the conditions under which they can be used, application examples, and an analysis of their benefits and drawbacks. The most popular restoration technique is bioremediation.