Lectures on the Ising and Potts Models on the Hypercubic Lattice

Abstract

Phase transitions are a central theme of statistical mechanics, and of probability more generally. Lattice spin models represent a general paradigm for phase transitions in finite dimensions, describing ferromagnets and even some fluids (lattice gases). It has been understood since the 1980s that random geometric representations, such as the random walk and random current representations, are powerful tools to understand spin models. In addition to techniques intrinsic to spin models, such representations provide access to rich ideas from percolation theory. In recent years, for two-dimensional spin models, these ideas have been further combined with ideas from discrete complex analysis. Spectacular results obtained through these connections include the proofs that interfaces of the two-dimensional Ising model have conformally invariant scaling limits given by SLE curves and the fact that the connective constant of the self-avoiding walk on the hexagonal lattice is given by. In higher dimensions, the understanding also progresses with the proof that the phase transition of Potts models is sharp, and that the magnetization of the three-dimensional Ising model vanishes at the critical point. These notes are largely inspired by [40, 42, 43].