Surgical Ergonomics

Abstract

Musculoskeletal discomfort is common among surgeons. Surveys show that 77–100% of laparoscopic surgeons experience physical symptoms or discomfort attributed to operating, but few seek treatment. Surgeons are exposed to many risk factors for musculoskeletal discomfort and occupational injury, and surgical residents may be at additional risk given their inexperience. Surgeon discomfort has potential negative consequences on surgeon performance and patient outcomes, resulting in lost revenue and surgeon burnout. Improving surgical ergonomics can reduce discomfort and mitigate negative downstream consequences. In the operating room, this includes awareness of body posture and proper operating room setup. Other strategies include a warm-up prior to the first case and taking scheduled breaks during surgery. Outside of the operating room, surgeons can reduce discomfort by improving the ergonomics of their office environment and maintaining good health through routine exercise and stretching. Surgeon educators should teach residents ergonomic principles as well as model their implementation in the operating room.