Aggregate replacement and its usefulness in cement concrete for sustainable development—A study on rubber, Jarosite and sandstone aggregates

Abstract

Disposal of wastes such as tire rubber, jarosite and sandstones have become a major environmental issue in all parts of the world especially in India. Every year millions of tires are discarded representing a serious threat to ecology. It was estimated that almost 1000 million tires end their service life every year and out of that, more than 50 % are discarded to landfills or garbage without any treatment. By the year 2030, there would be 5000 million tires to be discarded on a regular basis. Similarly, huge quantity of jarosite is being released as solid residues during the process of metallic zinc extraction from sulphide ore or zinc sulphide. Rajasthan in India alone produces 900 million tons of sandstone waste thus leading to a large dumping of these materials without any essential utilisation. The increasing annual production and those already accumulated is one of the major sources of environmental pollution. This study focusses on the effective utilisation of these wastes as aggregate in cement concrete which leads to an overall sustainable development in the field of concrete research.