Adaptation to the Heat-Related Health Impact of Climate Change in Japan

Abstract

High ambient temperatures are a cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in Japan. First, we describe the health impacts of heat waves, which include not only heatstroke, but also mortality and morbidity due to indirect effects of high temperatures. Older adults, young children, and persons with chronic medical conditions are particularly susceptible. Second, we discuss public health adaptation to projected increases in the frequency, intensity, and duration of heat waves due to climate change in Japan. These adaptation measures include those taken by the Ministry of Environment, and various local governments in response to local factors. Third, we discuss key challenges to adapting to high temperatures and minimizing heat-related health impacts. We finish by discussing the adaptation measures used by the government of Japan and some local cities to increase population resilience to heat waves. Critical issues include that measures should be suitable for the target populations (the vulnerable subgroups) and comprehensive.