Flavonoid diversity of Saussurea and Serratula species in Tien Shan mountains

Abstract

Nine Saussurea species, S. alberti, S. elegans, S. gnaphalodes, S. involucrata, S. konuroba, S. kuschakewiczii, S. leucophylla, S. schanginiana and S sordida, and Serratula lyratifolia from the Tien Shan Mountains and adjacent area were chemically characterized for flavonoids. Thirty-one flavonoids and one hydroquinone were isolated from the leaves of these species and identified from mass spectrometric, UV, 1H and ,13C NMR spectroscopic data, by characterization of hydrolyzates, and direct TLC and HPLC comparisons with authentic samples as kaempferol 3-O-rutinosidc (1), quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (2), isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside (3). quercetin 3-O-glucoside (4), quercetin 3-O-galactoside (5), kaempferol 5-O-glucoside (6), kaempferol 7-O-glucoside (7). quercetin 5-O-glucoside (8), quercetin 7-O-glucoside (9), isorhamnetin 5-O-glucoside (10), luteolin (11) hispidulin (12). nepetin (13), selagin 7-methyl ether (14), selagin (15), velutin (16), luteolin 7-methyl ether (17), jaceosidin (18) apigenin 7-O-rutinosidc (19), apigenin 7-O-glucoside (20), luteolin 7-O-rutinoside (21), luteolin 7-O-glucoside (22), luteolin 7-O-galactoside (23), luteolin 7-O-glucuronide (24), hispidulin 7-O-glucoside (25), nepetin 7-O-glucoside (26), luteolin 5-O-glucoside (27), isovitexin (28), apigenin 6,8-di-C-glycoside (29), isoorientin (30), luteolin 8-C-glycoside (31). and arhutin (32). The nine surveyed Saussurea species differed in their flavonoid composition. It was shown that the genus is not only morphologically, but also chemically diversified.