Source Apportionment of Particulate Matter—A Critical Review for Indian Scenario

Abstract

Particulate matter pollution is an area of major interest in the urban regions on this planet. Ambient particulate matter is increasingly becoming a concern around the globe due to its negative effects on human beings. Major health hazards associated with it are respiratory problems and health effects leading to premature mortality. The fine and ultra-fine particulates which carry along with them metals such as iron, zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead have toxicological and carcinogenic effects. The key aspect of air quality control lies in identifying the correct sources of the pollutant. Therefore, an increased emphasis on the particulate matter analysis is required. Source apportionment of particulate matter is a significant method for examining processes of particulate formation and transformation. It also helps in assessing air pollution control strategies and reasons for non-compliance with air quality standards. Receptor model is a widely used tool of source apportionment which is based on the study of chemical composition of aerosols measured at specific sites. The current paper presents a review of various receptor model studies undertaken in India. An exhaustive evaluation for particulate matter studies and their signature sources has been made in the Indian context, bearing in mind most appropriate sources and their variations.