Linking fish trait responses to in-stream habitat in reconstructed valley-plugged stream reaches of the Coastal Plain, U.S.A.

Abstract

Valley-plug formation is a challenging consequence of stream channelization especially in physiographic regions with highly erodible soils. Upstream channel degradation and incision results in accelerated sediment delivery processes wherein downstream aggradation decreases stream power and creates sand-clogged channels. Channel reconstruction is now meeting hydrogeomorphic goals related to valley-plug remediation, yet there exists a need to understand how this practice also facilitates ecological restoration. We evaluated fish trait response to in-stream habitat conditions in channelized, recently restored, and “least-disturbed” reference reaches of Coastal Plain streams in West Tennessee. Restored reaches were ecologically similar to channelized reaches, having higher proportions of nest-guarding omnivores that were correlated with higher percentages of pool habitats and lower wetted width:depth ratios compared to reference reaches. Reference reaches had higher proportions of fast-water dwelling and specialized insectivores that were correlated with high abundance of large woody debris, high-wetted width:depth ratios, and low percentages of pool habitats. We conclude that in-stream habitats in reconstructed channels have yet to promote reach-scale ecological restoration relative to fish assemblage organization because trait-habitat associations were not similar to reference conditions. However, our results lend to the development of ecological restoration targets that can be incorporated in future channel reconstruction projects in valley-plugged, channelized streams of the Coastal Plain.