Contextual Imputation with Missing Sequence of EEG Signals Using Generative Adversarial Networks

Abstract

Missing values are very prevalent in real world; they are caused by various reasons such as user mistakes or device failures. They often cause critical problems especially in medical and healthcare application since they can lead to incorrect diagnosis or even cause system failure. Many of recent imputation techniques have adopted machine learning-based generative methods such as generative adversarial networks (GANs) to deal with missing values in medical data. They are, however, incapable of reproducing realistic time-series signals preserving important latent features such as sleep stages that are important context in many medical applications using electroencephalogram (EEG). In this study, we propose a novel GAN-based technique generating realistic EEG signal sequences which are not only shown natural but also correctly classified with sleep stages by implanting the latent features in the synthetic sequence. By experiments, we confirm that our model generates not only more realistic EEG signals than a recent GAN-based model but also preserve auxiliary information such as sleep stages. Furthermore, we demonstrate that existing machine learning methods based on EEG data still work well without sacrificing performance using the imputed data by using our method.