Restorative Prospective of Powdered Seeds Extract of Garcinia kola in Chrysichthys furcatus Induced with Glyphosate Formulation

Abstract

Responses of Chrysichthys furcatus to glyphosate formulation and Garcinia kola seed extracts were investigated using the organization for Economic Cooperation and Development numbers 203 and 407 recommended toxicity bioassay. The fish were divided into five groups and exposed to different treatments of glyphosate formulation and Garcinia kola seed extract, with the control serving as a reference. Water quality parameters and blood chemistry were estimated in the experimental and control fish at the end of 28 days. There was no significant difference ( P>0.05 ) between fish treated with glyphosate formulation alone and other treatments except for dissolved oxygen which was highly significant ( P<0.01 ) between fish treated with glyphosate formulation alone and other treatments and the control. All the blood parameters were significantly ( P<0.05 ) affected by glyphosate formulation when compared with the control. The changes observed in glyphosate formulation alone were reversible when G. kola seeds extract was added and was dose dependent. The plant’s extract has shown to be a good remedy to pollutants, and formulations of the seed extract into tablets or capsules could serve as antidote to ameliorate the effects of pollutants. This finding can reduce the risk of biomagnifications of poisons along the food chain.