Psychotherapy in the pandemic: necessities and intervention strategies

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the lifestyle and health of numerous people worldwide. The manifold changes, restrictions and consequences of the pandemic caused and continue to cause psychological stress both in the general population and especially in vulnerable groups. Objectives: What factors influence the extent of the psychological burden? Which groups are and were particularly affected? How can practitioners adapt care to the needs of patients in the pandemic situation? Material and methods: Clinical considerations and an extensive literature review form the foundation for this article. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic there was a significant increase in psychological stress, especially in vulnerable groups but also in the general population. Various risk and protective factors regarding the extent of psychological distress as well as therapeutic implications could be identified. Helpful psychotherapy approaches include validation of uncertainty, self-efficacy-enhancing behavior, mindfulness-based techniques, and cognitive reframing. Preventive strategies, stepped care, and digital interventions can also counteract the increased need for treatment. Conclusion: For future pandemic management it is essential to ensure target group-specific preventive measures and therapeutic care.