Antiproliferative effects of SR31747A in animal cell lines are mediated by inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis at the sterol isomerase step

Abstract

SR31747A is a new sigma ligand exhibiting immunosuppressive properties and antiproliferative activity on lymphocyte cells. Only two subtypes of sigma receptor, namely the sigma, receptor and emopamil-binding protein, have been characterised molecularly. Only the σ1 receptor has been shown to bind (Z)N-cyclohexyl-N-ethyl-3-(3-chloro4-cyclohexylphenyl)- propen-2-ylamine hydrochloride (SR31747A) with high affinity. It was demonstrated that the SR31747A effect on the inhibition of T-cell proliferation was consistent with a sigma, receptor-mediated event. In this report, binding experiments and sterol isomerase assays, using recombinant yeast strains, indicate that the recently cloned emopamil-binding protein is a new SR31747A-binding protein whose activity is inhibited by SR31747A. Sterol analyses reveal the accumulation of a Δ8-cholesterol isomer at the expense of cholesterol in SR31747A treated cells, suggesting that cholesterol biosynthesis is inhibited by SR31747A at the Δ8-Δ7 sterol isomerase step in animal cells. This observation is consistent with a sterol isomerase role of the emopamil-binding protein in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in animal cells. In contrast, there is no evidence for such a role of the sigma, receptor, in spite of the structural similarity shared by this protein and yeast sterol isomerase. We have found that SR31747A also exerts anti-proliferative effects at nanomolar concentrations on various established cell lines. The antiproliferative activity of SR31747A is reversed by cholesterol. Sterol-isomerase overproduction enhances resistance of CHO cells. This last observation strongly suggests that sterol isomerase is implicated in the antiproliferative effect of the drug in established cell lines.