Organic Electrode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Exploiting from tremendously abundant and inexpensive sodium reservoirs, sodium ion batteries (NaIBs) are estimated as reassuring candidate for electrochemical energy conservation and storage on large scale. Owing to larger radius and atomic mass of Na+ than conventionally used materials, NaIBs having inorganic electrode encounter with little capacity and inadequate cycle life. Development of environment friendly, renewable, abundant raw material based batteries are gaining much attention. Organic electrode based sodium ion batteries are one of them. Presently, a lot of work is done on functionalizing organic electrodes, incorporation of nanostructured materials to tune their electrochemical properties. In collation, organic electrode exhibit merits like high capacity, structural design ability and lesser cationic radius limitations. Organic electrodes plagued with solubility issues in electrolytes and lesser conductivity. Here in organic electrodes based on their reactions are divided into three classes; C=O based than C–N=O based and then doping reactions are systematically viewed. In this chapter we summarize the research work to put forward organic electrode material for NaIBs. The conductivity issue can be resolved through increasing conjugated structures. Theoretical capacity can be elevated by expanding active groups. Working voltage can be regulated by tuning grafting overseeing lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). Future of organic electrode relies mainly on aprotic electrolyte based full NaIBs with long cycle life.