Novel therapeutic options for type 2 diabetes based on the action of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were introduced in 2005. Incretinbased therapies consist of two classes: (1) the injectable GLP-1 receptor agonists solely acting on the GLP-1 receptor and (2) dipeptidyl-peptidase inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitors) as oral medications raising endogenous GLP-1 and other hormone levels by inhibiting the degrading enzyme DPP-4. In type 2 diabetes therapy, incretin-based therapies are attractive and more commonly used due to their action and safety profile. Stimulation of insulin secretion and inhibition of glucagon secretion by the above-mentioned agents occur in a glucose-dependent manner. Therefore, incretinbased therapies have no intrinsic risk for hypoglycemias. GLP-1 receptor agonists allow weight loss; DPP-4 inhibitors are weight neutral. This review gives an overview on the mechanism of action and the substances and clinical data available.
CITATION STYLE
Gallwitz, B. (2015). GLP-1 agonists and dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 203, 53–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17214-4_3
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