Application of Ionic Nano Particles in Fish Processing Wastewater by using Biochemical Treatment: A Short Review

Abstract

Concerns of microorganisms growth in fish processing plants are crucial to the operation of the fish processing facilities. The presence of toxic microorganisms in the effluent could bring detrimental effects to the environmental and public health as several disease outbreaks could possibly take place with the release of infectious wastewater from the facilities. Environmental Quality (Industrial Effluent) Regulations 2009 published by Department of Environment Malaysia has clearly stated that the discharge limit of total coliform into water bodies that are safe for marine life, fisheries and human consumption must be not exceeded 600MPN/100 mL while for E.coli is not more than 400MPN/100mL. To cope with the laws and regulations, the industry has practiced several methods on disinfecting the effluent such as chlorination or ultraviolet treatment. However, the excessive use of such methods can cause deterioration to the environment as the by-products get released from the effluent are usually harmful to the natural systems of the environment. This paper aims to summarize recent progress on disinfectant methods that have been reported and published in the literature.