Lo arbitrario del lenguaje y el lugar de la cultura

  • Luis C
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Abstract

Se investiga una línea de pensamiento, partiendo del materialismo antiguo (Epicuro) y en su desarrollo posterior por la filosofía del Iluminismo (Locke, Condillac): el postulado de un origen "natural" para el lenguaje (corporal, de respuesta al ambiente) y una evolución que lo refunda como social y por tanto arbitrario. Se analiza la idea de delimitación del mundo natural como primera condición para la supervivencia, es decir, para la producción de bienes. Aparece así la cultura, que desde temprano es asociada con cultivo. Sus delimitaciones son sancionadas por el lenguaje a través de los nombres, que no designan sustancias, sino agrupamientos arbitrarios de cualidades. Los nombres son sólo formas diferenciadoras, variables, tanto como son variables las impresiones sensoriales de individuo a individuo; es la cultura lo que viene a garantizar el acuerdo, a producir el efecto de uniformidad de las designaciones. El lenguaje es, entonces, un modo de nombrar un mundo clasificado de una cierta manera para producir predicaciones estables entre quienes comparten esas clasificaciones, entre quienes comparten una cultura.This is the study of a line of thought rooted in ancient materialism (Epicure) and its further development through the philosophy of Enlightenment (Locke, Condillac): the stating of a "natural" origin for language (as a corporal response to the environment) and, later on, a redefinition of that original basis as being social, and therefore, arbitrary. The idea of delimitation of the natural world is introduced as the prime condition for survival, i.e., for the production of goods. Culture is then associated to the idea of cultivation. Its delimitations are sanctioned by language by means of names, which do not refer to substances, but to arbitrary collections of qualities. Names are only differentiating, variable forms, just as sensorial impressions are variable from an individual to another. Culture works as a guarantee of agreement, producing a uniform effect for designations. Language is then a means of naming a world which is classified in a certain way so as to allow stable predications among those who share such classifications, thus sharing a culture.

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APA

Luis, C. R. (2008). Lo arbitrario del lenguaje y el lugar de la cultura. Pro-Posições, 19(1), 189–201. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-73072008000100019

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