The Association and Joint Effect of Adipocyte Fatty Acid Binding Protein and Obesity Phenotype With Cardiovascular Events

Abstract

Context: There is little evidence regarding the joint effect of serum adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) levels and obesity phenotype on the risk of cardiovascular events. Objective: To explore the association between serum A-FABP levels and obesity phenotype defined by fat percentage (fat%) and visceral fat area (VFA), and their joint impact on incident cardiovascular events. Methods: A total of 1345 residents (579 men and 766 women) without previous cardiovascular diseases at baseline, with body composition and serum A-FABP data available, were included. A bioelectrical impedance analyzer and magnetic resonance imaging were used to assess fat% and VFA, respectively. Results: During a mean follow-up of 7.6 years, 136 cases of cardiovascular events (13.9 per 1000 person-years) occurred. Per 1-unit increase in loge-transformed A-FABP levels was associated with an increase in cardiovascular events risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.87, 95% CI 1.33-2.63). The highest tertiles of fat% and VFA levels were related to higher risks of cardiovascular events (fat%: HR 2.38, 95% CI 1.49-3.81; VFA: HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.09-2.93). The association between A-FABP levels and cardiovascular events was more pronounced in participants with low fat%, regardless of VFA levels. The joint effect of high A-FABP levels and obesity resulted in a greater risk of cardiovascular events. Conclusion: Serum A-FABP levels were significantly associated with the risk of cardiovascular events, and this pattern of association was more prominent among the population with low fat%, which was independent of VFA.