Electrolysis–Fundamental technologies, requirements and current status

Abstract

The first and most important conversion step for the production of electricity-based fuels is the electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen. Alkaline electrolyzers have dominated the market and account for almost all installed electrolysis capacity worldwide. However, Proton-Exchange-Membrane (PEM) and solid oxide electrolyzers have a much higher potential for future cost reduction and efficiency improvements. PEM electrolyzers are particularly interesting as they enable the highest operational range to directly follow renewable power generation profiles.